Lawrence Solidarity

Negligence Compensation In Common Law

No matter whether you have suffered from the negligence of an incompetent surgeon who would be better placed on the locum doctor jobs market, or a careless driver who crashes into your house, you need to turn to the law of tort for claiming under the negligent actions of the injurer. Many citizens have begun to loudly criticise the UK government for not valuably estimating the negligence disputes and resolution needs in the English tort law and that this particular aspect of the law persists to be a part of the doctrine of precedents in the common law system without any attempts by the government to make proposals for Parliamentary issued legislation on the topic.
What the people are particularly concerned with is the issue that the tort law is expanding – the demand for resolution of tort cases has significantly increased over the last several years and people find it quite complicated to look for their duties and responsibilities as individuals in the case law and turn to solicitors for advice in the absence of any written and passed law on the issue. This causes severe disturbances in the process of administration of justice since people still have no particular image of the law of torts, many of them have not even heard of the issue when asked about the problems of establishing solutions to negligence disputes.
However, the judiciary and the Parliament still claim that the existing rules within the doctrine of common law are quite satisfactory and that there is no need for further development of the law on negligence – apparently, the common law works, evolves and adjusts itself to the social conditions of the time. People might start to turn their heads to legal journals more often that ever and start considering the common law as quite a potential source of ultimate justice over the matters of professional and individual negligence cases.

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The Policies On Terrorism

UK, as a country of high immigration rates and quite significant international involvement of political and military matters, has always been a subject to terrorist threats and speculations. This is the reason why after the adoption of the Human Rights Act 1998 (that incorporates the European Convention of Human Rights in the domestic legal system), a particular approach was adopted in dealing with suspects in terrorism in the UK.
A question that has long been standing in front of the public and the elected decision makers was whether the UK should adopt mild approach towards treating the suspects and what are their Human Rights under the legislation and especially in the 21st century where all organisations and institutions proclaim the strict respect of these.
Particularly the courts have been involved in trying to ensure that no violations of the human rights of suspects have been committed by the executive. A certain example is the case of a suspect (Mohammed) the surname of whom is not to be mentioned. He was held arrested without any charges been raised (not even the slightest ones that would keep him at least imprisoned like fraudulently holding a laptop for sale ) and was questioned through means of torture and extreme unfairness. Later on it was concluded by the public authorities that he had no relation to the terrorism threats he was suspected of and he claimed that his rights were violated under the HRA 1998 and the ECHR. The House of Lords truly upheld his claim, declaring that the governmental institutions have unfairly held him arrested without any charges being issued and that the means through which information was extracted were grossly disproportionate.
The case reveals an important consideration – in years when the human rights are ensured by legislation and judicial bodies, treating the suspects must be conducted in compliance with these policies – this is the only way to fairness and reasonableness within the english legal system.

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The Upcoming Review On Enterprise

Another aim seems to be advancing within the ruling political formation in the UK (and the news was available in freebies all around London) – the government has announced its plans to improve the state of the UK’s enterprise and redevelop some of its approaches towards dealing with small and medium-sized business organisations. The review and the special report on the issue would be conducted under the supervision of the famous Lord Young, a home secretary during Margaret Thatcher’s governance.
The first of the aims of the report would be to find out an approach for reducing the prices for the enterprise players within the system – according to Young, the main problems with bureaucracy are costly and quite inefficient for small firms and business owners and this leads to several consequences – increase in the expenses for these organisations and additional demotivation for people to start their own business.
Another important issue to be tackled is the access that small businesses have to finances and funding – the procedure for establishing a business is quite complex and additional complications always appear to be related with the finance system that is time consuming and ineffective at times. Additionally, Lord Young would focus on the matters of communication between the government and the firm owners – it has been reported that when discussing a new policy, especially in trade and commerce, government seems to poorly consult small organisations with commercial activities and some of the small and medium-sized businesses suffer from being ignored by the policy issuing process of the executives.
Finally, Young would put a lot of effort into researching the potential ways for encouraging people to seek establishing their own business rather that aiming for an employee position since the demotivation mentioned above and the complex way of registration and finance would estop many from developing otherwise successful business plans.

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New Student Finance Scheme by Lord Browne

The loans that the UK gives to its students have always been a tick-tacking bomb that is ready to explode every second and cause debates larger than the ones when the war in Iraq was started. The politicians keep roaming around the topic and every ruling party appears to be having a different opinion on the topic. As happened with many issues of public interest (self-defence laws for example or the impartiality of the judiciary), again this time a commission was appointed to make a general research and advise on how the system should change.
Lord Browne was the person to deliver the report and some significant points arise from it that can feed the discussion boards for quite a while. Firstly, since the education in England is fixed upon 3,290 pounds this year, he proposes a rather American approach – he proposes that universities should come up with their own financial decisions depending on the costs their course would consume – this means that in different universities a student may pay differently for studying law for example.
Another view he presented in the one on loans. Now a student is completely entitled to get the fee loan and pay for his tuition fees under to condition to start repaying this money to the government once that student is earning 15,000 pounds annually. However, Lord Browne considers this quite harsh on the young people so he advised on lifting the income limit to 21,000 – this is what seems quite convenient for students and parents (but after all education is not labelled free stuff uk).
Everything else he proposed is basically centred around the idea that a change is not essential but would be good for the educational system – several slight changes might actually significantly reform and improve the budget part of the educational system.

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South Korea On Sexism

South Korea is finally facing a debate on an issue that has been ignored for too long by both politicians and private organisations. It seems like in a democratic and human rights orientied country like South Korea, sexism and discrimination are still issues that need serious attention and approach to be solved.

After the elections in South Korea, a member of the newly elected parliament announced that in order to work in television, a woman ’must sleep her way to the top’. This raised the concerns of public authorities, members of the society and human rights oriented organisations that fight against discrimination. The rocords show that a working woman in South Korea earns 63% of what a man in her position would earn. This is a sufficient ground for discussion and people wonder why it was necessary for a parliamentary representative to announce that in order for some discussion to begin.

In their working place, South Korean women are facing constant pressure as being underestimated and considered less capable of problem solving than men. This is, of course, a ground for discussion on the issue of sexual discrimination and organisations seem to be willing to interfere in these practices and proclaim equality of genders. It is quite difficult to see a woman in a high position in the big South Korean companies (completely different from the UK where, for example, many of the red diesel Halifax representatives and members are female). The market is harsh on women and they find it less and less probable to get on the career develpment track, especially once they give birth and settle a family.

These discussion topics raised above are quite disturbing for the South Korean Republic as the country aims to achieve wider international recognition as a human rights oriented country and a state of democratic development.

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Machiavelli and Christian virtues!

Buy sofas nowadays can be heard more often ’Be a good man!'Here is my analysis on the way Machiavelli looks at Christian virtues and their relationship with politics.I feel obliged to elaborate on the author’s perception of morality and Christian virtues. Talking so freely about violence and war, not mentioning a peaceful solution as option even once, advising princess to behave in a deceitful way and to recognise the caprices of Fortune, a Roman goddess, makes us question ourselves ‘Is this right? Is that Christian?’ Looking at the book from the viewpoint of Christianity, Machiavelli’s work is making a mockery of the religion, but looking at it from the viewpoint of politics the book is a very good source of knowledge and guidance. If we take Machiavelli’s book as our sole basis for analysing politics, we can say that politics has morals of its own and these morals are not compatible with Christian morals. The arguments advocated in Quentin Skinners analysis of Machiavelli’s book can be used to support such a thesis. Skinner says that whereas Christianity claims worldly glory and riches should be ignored by rulers in order to achieve heavenly rewards, it is obvious that Machiavelli describes the same glory and riches as the highest prizes rulers are bound to pursue[1]. Allocating Fortuna such great attention and importance over one’s life is also in contradiction with Christianity, because the religion promotes humbleness and submission to God, whereas to achieve fortune and reap the benefits it entails, one should submit to Fortuna, who is a female roman goddess. In my opinion Machiavelli can be described as being anti-Christian, because the values the religion promotes are not applicable with ambition and desire to achieve glory and power.

[1] Machiavelli cited in Q. Skinner(2000), Machiavelli, A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press

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Machiavelli is a genius!

Industrial lubricants contribute to more efficient production in the same way that Machiavelli’s ideas contribute to more efficient politics.

Machiavelli concentrates on reality and what things are, rather than what things should be. He is more concerned with ends and results, rather than the means used to achieve those ends and results. At a further moment of the book, there are instructions provided how princes should employ evil and how to use it in a good way. It is almost inevitable that evil should be used, but it should be used in a formulated and precise manner. When it comes to establishing and preserving one’s power the author expresses his thoughts with the following words: ‘I believe that here it is a question of cruelty used well or badly’[1]. At a point when the reader starts to get the feeling that using evil is a constant measure to be adopted by wise princes, there is detailed instruction how the ‘resource’ should be used only during the early days of one’s coming into power, in order not to provoke hatred and therefore rebellion. At that point it starts to look as if the Italian is putting together a recipe for rulers to use in the ‘preparation’ of strength, power and stability of their countries. As if Machiavelli is saying ‘As long as you follow this recipe, you shall keep your power and the loyalty of your people’. Another thought we can deduce is that it seems as if the skills of a ruler to use evil are determinant of his success in the same way the skills of using bows and arrows are determinant to the success of a hunter. Further in the handbook it is outlined that the main priority of each and every prince should be to master the art of war. No other activities should be favoured by princes, over those to examine the deeds of ancient warriors and to constantly increase the skills and knowledge in warfare[2]. The knowledge of war is described as a weapon itself and is highlighted as a most important quality a ruler should possess.

[1] Machiavelli(2003), The Prince page 31, 6^th edition, London: Penguin Classics

[2] Machiavelli(2003), The Prince, 6^th edition, London: Penguin Classics

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To vote or not to vote? Is this a simple question?

Green diesel is less harmful to the environment and there has been a lot of discussion on the climate changes but voting turnout among young people is of no less importance.

A reason for low turnout I would like to discuss is the political alienation of young people. Both political issues and politicians are seen as too distant by 18-24 year-olds. Young people’s views suggest low trust in politicians to represent their interests as well as a feeling that they are not given much chance to engage in political life.[1] This situation can be linked to the convenience issue. Youngsters should be given the chance to participate in debates, conferences and seminars where they can express their opinions and views. They need to be heard and feel that their opinion matters. Using different media to inform and stimulate young people to participate in the political life of the country can produce very good results, increase in both political awareness and turnout.

The data used in this research design exercise is secondary. It is such, because it is the result of researches not conducted by me, but by other researchers. Some of the advantages of using secondary data and research are the cost and time savings, as well as the avoidance of other difficulties connected to gathering primary data. Disadvantages which need to be stressed upon are that the research information is not specified to my research question, although I have managed to adapt to it, and also the time of the research may be looked at as a drawback, since the data is from past events, which may not correspond to the present state of affairs. I have used both qualitative and quantitative data for my investigation, in an attempt to be more thorough and informative with my findings.

The quantitative data I have used is from the percentage turnout of young people in the 2001 and 2005 general elections, and the BBC polls. Some of the benefits of using quantitative data are that it allows comparison between different years and/or groups and also researching a small group can give information for a larger number of people. Using that data has enabled me to compare the young people’s turnout to those of other age groups and thus increase my understanding of young people voting behaviour. The data from the electoral commission is also official published statistics, which also boosts the credibility of the research and the results obtained. Nevertheless, it would only be objective if the drawbacks of quantitative research are discussed as well. The main drawback, I would like to highlight, is that numerical information does not give us the reasons, why people chose to vote, or not to vote. Also, whereas the electoral commission data can be trusted as reliable without

[1] www.jrf.org.uk, Available from: http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/political-interest-and-engagement-among-young-people [Accessed on Dec/12/09]

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UK’s Nuclear Disarmament

The several nuclear forces in the world that have signed and ratified the NPT treaty (the US, the UK, Russia, China and France) remain the strongest political andweaponary actors in the nuclear technology. By signing the treaty, these countries agree not to distribute nuvclear power, to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes (energy production) and not to engage in war conflicts using nuclear weapons. Countries like Pakistan, India and North Korea admit their are developing nuclear weapons but still have not signed the treaty. Other potential nuclear energy developing countries are Israel and Iran which remain in the list of suspicious nuclear actors.

Where is the place of the UK in the picture? While countries like France except the nuclear power as prestige and a ground for respect, the Brits have always been quite contraversial about their nuclear programmes. For example, the French have always admired the nuclear force of their nation and have always supported the programmes for innovations and modernisation of the nuclear force of the country, including war heads and special equipment, like submarines. On the other hands, the UK is now facing a mini conflict in the area. Labours have always been against the nuclear programmes of the Kingdom and now it seems that the Conservatives are on the way to oppose these as well. The reason is the plan for modernisation and replacement of the already existing nuclear power equipment that is to take place in 2020. It is going to be an expensive process consuming not only quite of money but also quite of specialised labour. The question Britain is asking itself is ’Do we really need the nuclear war heads’? Selling them might be a good idea but to whom… several countries might be willing to do that and even less are the countries legally authorised to do that (after all these are not corner sofas for sale ).

So is Britain going to save it nuclear power… or in times like these we’d better start getting rid of it.

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Tough Times This Winter

Recent economy reports and studies again raised some concerns about an approaching financial problem to bother the UK workers. This time the report is issued by ITEM and is based on their economy studies after the first 6 months of the year (find out more on http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11561137). After the first 6 months, the numbers played well for UK and a steady growth in the economy was marked. However, this winter economists expect another economy shrink and some slight (but unpleasant) moment of recession (so it is probably not the most appropriate time for unreasonable fuel supply contract ).

The UK are generally concerned about this piece of information issued by ITEM. Most of the public were quite positively thinking about the upcoming year since the end of the global recession was finally announced and since talks and encouragements abouth the UK’s economy growth were all over the media. However, it seems like the concerns among the society is rising again – people are starting to fear that the inflation rates would bring higher prices but the salaries would remain the same. The predictions for a metereologically severe winter also bother quite a lot of people – that means more expenses on heating and fuel which are main budget sectors during the winter period.

The good news is, on the other hand, that this slight recession-like period would be a moment of trouble. People from ITEM, after extensively researching the issue, concluded that this would be a minor factor for the financial condition in the UK since in the beggining of the new year the British economy is expected to return to its steady growh rates.

Well all that seems a bit far away from the ordinary citizen so let us hope we will not have to actually think about it during the winter.

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